In order to make the defibrillator work we would burn the patient (in direct skin contact) at this resistance.A dry human is about a 100,000 \(\Omega\) resistor.Outlined below are some real world considerations. Since a defibrillator would be used on a human, we will need to simulate the human as a resistor. Since the somewhat square wave form of the biphasics will need additional circuitry that will obscure the programming message we will produce a more monophasic circuit and simulation (though it is not quite monophasic either). In our simulation we will try and produce a wave form that emulates the defibrillator. A sketch of the wave forms are show above. The biphasic is considered to be more advanced but the monophasic is still used in situations where it is difficult to use the biphasic.Ī monophasic defibrillator just sends current one way through the paddles that are on different sides of the heart whereas the biphasic sends current both ways. Today there are two types of defibrillators in use: a monophasic and a biphasic defibrillator. Since the simple defibrillator can be modeled rather simply by an electrical circuit we will use that as an example for Spice. The device works by sending electric shocks to the heart, but why this works is still a matter of research. Scientists and engineers worked on various versions of the defibrillator in the early 1900s but the origins of the device we use today comes from an electrical engineering in the 1930s. Numerical methods course should be taken so you can understand these concepts.(hint)ĭefibrillators are an important medical device that resuscitates a stopped heart (in certain conditions).Transient analysis uses trapezoidal (or Gear if chosen) integration.Uses Newton-Raphson for non-linear components.Linear simultaneous equations ( How would we solve that in say Octave? You answer.).The modified method allowed for circuits without an ideal source.Radiation was excluded because of laws that would make anything dealing with radiation a domain of the Department of Defense (DOD).Derived from CANCER (Computer Analysis of Non-linear Circuits, Excluding Radiation).Here we will give a historical outline of SPICE following along the lines of our other history for programs. SPICE stands for Simulation Program for Integrated Circuit Emphasis. There are both paid for products and open source products all based off the original Spice program. It is the basis for all analog circuit simulators. "If your lids are well powdered, though, you can really make the shadow look smoky while still enhancing the shape of the eye." For some it might feel like I'm spewing out lessons in Beauty 101, but when we're seeing no-makeup makeup looks on the runways and faces that are too covered in makeup on Instagram, maybe it's time we all brushed up on the basics.\) "If you try and put dark shadow onto greasy skin, or skin that's not been powdered, it will look patchy," said Pecheux. But it's the double-powder trick that's really key here. "This creates your base." Then you apply your charcoal-colored shadow at the outer corners and along the creases-stopping about halfway so the darker color doesn't go all the way to the inner corners-and blend, blend, blend. "To do this classic shadow look, put your foundation everywhere, even on your eyelids, powder your lids, and then powder them again with a shimmery shadow that's a bit paler than your skin tone," Pecheux explained. But what I really wanted to know is his secret to the glamazon smoky eyes the models were all wearing. For example, using Spice to make the lips look bigger by rounding and sightly overdrawing the cupid's bow and applying a bit more of the pencil right in the middle of the lower lip line. And Pecheux didn't just revisit a classic product, he whipped out all the classic techniques as well.
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